*Sunday, 28th June 2026 - 10:10 UTC+0100*
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# Sound Refresher
| **Vowels** | ae | ei | eu | oi | iu |
| ---------- | ------- | ------- | -------- | ------ | -------- |
| **Sounds** | /ah-eh/ | /eh-ee/ | /eh-oo!/ | /O-ee/ | /ee-oo!/ |
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# Ser v. Estar
## Ser
> [!note]
> **Ser** is used for descriptions.
Yo soy...
(I am...)
Tu eres...
(You are...)
El es...
(He is...)
Ella es...
(She is...)
Nosotros somos...
(We are...)
Vosotros sois...
(You are...)
Ellos son...
(They are...)
## Estar
> [!note]
> **Estar** is for feelings and locations.
> **Estar** can also be used for temporary nature.
Yo estoy...
(I am...)
Tu estás...
(You are...)
El está...
(He is...)
Ella está...
(She is...)
Nosotros estamos...
(We are...)
Vosotros estáis...
(You are...)
Ellos están...
(They are...)
>[!example]- Example 1
>Ella está en el parque
> [!example]- Example 2
> Nosotros estamos en vacaciones.
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## Terminology Refresher
> [!example]- Noun
> A noun is a word to describe a **thing**, a **person**, or **something that exists**.
> [!example]- Verb
> A verb is a word that describes an action or an activity.
> [!example]- Adjective
> An adjective is a descriptive word.
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## Words
alto/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> tall
bajo/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> short
delgado/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> slim
divertido/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> funny
generoso/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> generous
guapo/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> pretty
hablador(a)
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> talkative
inteligente
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> intelligent
serio/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> series
perezoso/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> - **lazy** (adjective)
> - **sloth** (noun)
rubio/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> blond(e).
> Refers to hair.
verde(s)
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> green
ondulado/a
> [!info]- English word equivalent:
> wavy
> [!example] Example uses:
> - "Pablo es alto."
> - "Maria es alta."
> - "Nosotros somos altos"
> - When plural, keep the masculine, but add an **S** if ending in a vowel, and **es** if it does not end in a vowel.
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## Negative and Interrogative Sentences
Positive - "El es alto"
Negative - "El **no** es alto."
Interrogative - "El es alto?"
> [!example]+ Examples of negatives and interrogatives:
> **Negative**
> "*Nosotros no estamos en el parque*"
> **Interrogative**
> "*Nosotros estamos en el parque?*"
>[!note]+ Note on Spanish punctuation marks
> Javier has let me know that the **¡** and the **¿** appear only within books and within formal stuff. It is not used casually these days.
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